Category: Miscellaneous

GDV is a common issue in dogs, and involves two components: dilation of the stomach with gas, then flipping of the stomach within the abdomen. Sometimes the spleen can get involved in the rotation as well, thanks to its attachment to the stomach.

𝐔𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐬 is the presence of 𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐢 (stones, basically) in the urinary passages, typically in the bladder or urethra. You can also get calculi in the kidney, called 𝐧𝐞𝐩𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐬, as part of the same disease process. The stones are made up of precipitated urine contents, proteins and debris, which clump together and can obstruct normal flow of urine.

𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 is when one piece of the intestine (called the 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐮𝐦) telescopes into another piece of intestine (called the 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐬𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐬), forming a multi-layered intestinal segment.

A 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐮𝐬 is basically a giant blood clot that completely blocks blood flow through a vessel. An 𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐬 is a more broad term, covering everything from smaller thrombi, bacteria, parasites or foreign material. Put them together, and you get 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐦, which is a blockage of a vessel from either a thrombus or an embolus. Today, we are talking about what happens when a thrombus forms within the pulmonary veins or arteries specifically.

𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 is when the blood supply to a tissue is blocked, causing that tissue to die. Infarcts in the kidney are somewhat unique because of their characteristic shape: each vessel in the kidney supplies a wedge shaped section of tissue, so when an infarct occurs, only that wedge of kidney is affected. So when you look at the kidney 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐥𝐲 (without a microscope) you are able to see distinctive wedge shapes of infarcted tissue!

Gastric ulcers are areas where the stomach 𝐦𝐮𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐚 (the lining) has become eroded, exposing the underlying tissue. This often associated with hemorrhage and inflammation.