Category: Malformation

𝐕𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 are probably the most common developmental abnormality of the heart! In this disease, there is incomplete formation of the 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐮𝐦, which divides the two sides of the heart.

𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐚𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 is a developmental condition where the 𝐚𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚, the major vessel leaving the heart to deliver blood to the body, develops from the wrong site in the embryo.

𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐲𝐝𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐲𝐥𝐲 is an increase in the number of digits on one limb or multiple limbs. This can range from one extra digit, most often seen in cloven hooved animals, to multiple extra toes, often seen in cats.

𝐂𝐫𝐲𝐩𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐦 is the most common disorder of sexual development in male animals. During development, the testicles are located near the kidneys, and as the animal develops, they are pulled downwards into the scrotum, their normal home. In cryptorchidism, one or both of the testicles doesn’t reach its final destination, and ends up somewhere in the abdomen!

𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐲𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐬 literally means crooked joint, which is a pretty accurate description of this disease! In this condition, an animal is born with joints that cannot straighten, and occasionally entire limbs that cannot straighten.

𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐚𝐬 in general are when the intestine becomes displaced through a hole it’s not supposed to go through. These can occur in many different locations! Today we’re going to talk about 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐚𝐬 specifically, which is where the intestines become displaced through a hole in the diaphragm.

𝐃𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐢𝐝𝐬 are areas on the 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐚 (front surface of the eye) or 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐚 (soft tissue surrounding the eye) that developed improperly. Instead of forming normal ocular tissue, the area has developed into skin-like tissue! These areas can include everything from hair to sweat glands to even bone and cartilage.

𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐟𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞 is abnormal formation of the hard palate (roof of the mouth) during development.

𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐦 is an abnormality of sexual development, where a female calf is born with 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐦 (having two complete genome sets in the body) with some cells having XX sex chromosomes and some cells having XY chromosomes.

𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐮𝐬 is a rare and fatal congenital disease where the fetus’ spine is 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐞𝐝 backward, meaning that spine is curved away from the legs. This is also associated with failure of the abdominal wall to close, so the guts are hanging out of the fetus. This gives the fetus an “inside out” appearance. So weird.