Toxpath Case 1: #380

It is January and you are an anatomic pathologist working on the necropsy floor. A 3 year old Holstein cow comes in for necropsy.

Submitted History

Examined this cow yesterday for sudden onset weakness and unable to stand. Cow died this morning so submitting for necropsy.

No significant case history other than she aborted 5 months ago. Physical exam results:

  • T: 38.5ºC
  • P: 65 bpm
  • R: 30 brpm, notable expiratory grunt
  • Rumen stasis but moderate gut fill
  • Brown urine
  • Pale and icteric mucous membranes

On bloodwork noted a leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and low PCV. This is one of the best managed herds in my practice and no other animals appear to be affected.

Necropsy Findings
Examined a 3 year old Holstein cow. On external examination, the mucous membranes were pale and icteric. Generalized icterus and petechial hemorrhages throughout the body. The liver was enlarged, pale brown to yellow with evidence of cirrhosis. Spleen is greatly enlarged and brown to black in color.

What organ system(s) are affected?

Select up to three primary clinical findings from this case.

Primary Clinical Findings
Abortion Bradycardia
Cardiac damage Coagulopathy
Cystitis Gastritis/gastroenteritis
Hemolysis Hepatic failure
Lameness Lethargy
Methemoglobinemia Myopathy
Renal failure Salivation
Seizures Tachycardia
Teratogenesis Weakness

Notes